TIMELINE // By Wendy Orent // Winter 2006 &nbsp; <P>test</p> <table><tr><TD valign="top"> <div class="articleImg" style="width: nullpx"><img src="/statics/W_06_corb_BE041415_a_sq_sm.jpg" alt="Joseph Lister " /><p class="credit">Bettmann/Corbis</p></div> </td><TD valign="top"> <h3>1860s </h3> <p><b>THE ENGLISH SURGEON JOSEPH LISTER,</b> influenced by Louis Pasteur&rsquo;s work on infectious agents, uses carbolic acid directly on wounds and surgical dressings, preventing most post-operative infections.</p> </td></tr></table> <table><tr><TD valign="top"> <div class="articleImg" style="width: nullpx"><img src="/statics/W_06_pr_PRinc_BC4985_a_sq_s.jpg" alt="Staphylococcus" /><p class="credit">Eye of Science/Photo Researchers, Inc.</p></div> </td><TD valign="top"> <h3>1881</h3> <p><b><i>STAPHYLOCOCCUS</i> IS IDENTIFIED AS A CAUSE </b> of wound infection by the Scottish surgeon Sir Alexander Ogston, who named it for the grape-like clusters (in Greek, <i>staphyle</i>) he observed under the microscope.</p> </td></tr></table> <table><tr><TD valign="top"> <div class="articleImg" style="width: nullpx"><img src="/statics/W06_staph_1884_a_sq_sm.jpg" alt="Staphylococcus aureus " /><p class="credit">John Durham/Photo Researchers, Inc.</p></div> </td><TD valign="top"> <h3>1884</h3> <p><b><i>STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS</i> IS ISOLATED BY </b> German scientist Anton Rosenbach, who grows the two strains, <i>S. aureus</i> (&ldquo;golden staph,&rdquo; for the golden colonies it grows on bacterial media) and <i>S. albus</i> (white colonies), in pure culture.</p> </td></tr></table> <table><tr><TD valign="top"> <div class="articleImg" style="width: nullpx"><img src="/statics/W06_staph_1930s_a_sq_sm.jpg" alt="Coagulase test " /><p class="credit">Image Source/Age Photo Stock</p></div> </td><TD valign="top"> <h3>1930s</h3> <p><b>A &ldquo;COAGULASE&rdquo; TEST ENABLES SCIENTISTS TO </b> detect a plasma-coagulating enzyme secreted by <i>S. aureus</i>, still the most common cause of wound infections in hospitals. Coagulase-positive staph is the most virulent strain.</p> </td></tr></table> <table><tr><TD valign="top"> <div class="articleImg" style="width: nullpx"><img src="/statics/W06_gty_ca21908_a_sq_sm.jpg" alt="S. aureus bacteremia mortality rate" /><p class="credit">Chip Simons/Getty Images</p></div> </td><TD valign="top"> <h3>1941</h3> <p><b>THE MORTALITY RATE OF <i>S. AUREUS</i> </b> bacteremia is reported as 81% in a Boston hospital. The same year, a British policeman seriously ill with <i>S. aureus</i> is cured by penicillin.</p> </td></tr></table> <table><tr><TD valign="top"> <div class="articleImg" style="width: nullpx"><img src="/statics/W06_staph_1940s_a_sq_sm.jpg" alt="Benzylpenicillin" /><p class="credit">Laguna Design/Photo Researchers, Inc.</p></div> </td><TD valign="top"> <h3>1940s </h3> <p><b>WIDESPREAD USE OF BENZYLPENICILLIN </b> cures many staph infections. But having a &ldquo;cure&rdquo; leads to lapses in antiseptic and aseptic protocols. By the late 1940s, penicillin-resistant staph outbreaks begin to occur.</p> </td></tr></table> <table><tr><TD valign="top"> <div class="articleImg" style="width: 200px"><img src="/statics/W_06_Penicillin_a_sq_sm.jpg" alt="" /><p class="credit">Nicholas Eveleigh/Getty Images</p></div> </td><TD valign="top"> <h3>1959</h3> <p><b>WHEN PENICILLIN PROVES NO LONGER </b> able to control staph infections, a new drug, methicillin, is developed. Introduced in Europe, it has a short-lived usefulness as the bacterium evolves to resist it.</p> </td></tr></table> <table><tr><TD valign="top"> <div class="articleImg" style="width: nullpx"><img src="/statics/W_06_pr_PRinc_3Y0005_a_sq_s.jpg" alt="MRSA" /><p class="credit">Dr. Gary Gaugler/Photo Researchers, Inc.</p></div> </td><TD valign="top"> <h3>1961</h3> <p> <b>METHICILLIN-RESISTANT <i>S. AUREUS</i>, NOW</b> known as MRSA, is detected in a British hospital; during the next 10 years, multidrug-resistant staph becomes widespread in Europe, Australia and the United States. </p> </td></tr></table> <table><tr><TD valign="top"> <div class="articleImg" style="width: nullpx"><img src="/statics/W_06_corb_42-15216411_a_sq_sm.jpg" alt="Denmark" /><p class="credit">A. Huber/U. Starke/Corbis</p></div> </td><TD valign="top"> <h3>1970s </h3> <p> <b>DENMARK, THE NETHERLANDS, AND OTHER</b> European countries establish stringent infection-control regulations; MRSA rates begin to drop there while holding steady or climbing in the United States and Britain.</p> </td></tr></table> 0 2008-12-03T13:05:04-06:00 #<User:0xa316d84> Charting the progression of today’s hospital terror. 0 A Brief History of Staph 1217 283 false Winter 2006 A Brief History of Staph Charting the progression of today’s hospital terror. jospeh lister, lister, carbolic acid, staph, staphylcoccus, alexander ogston, aureus, cogulase, penicillin, benzylpenicillin, methicillin, methicillin reseistant, MRSA a-brief-history-of-staph 2006-01-01 282 284 0

Charting the progression of today’s hospital terror.

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